What Is Skin Cancer?

 

Skin cancer happens when certain skin cells begin to grow out of control. This usually starts in the top layer of skin, called the epidermis. There are three main types of cells in this layer:

 

• Squamous cells: found at the top and look flat.

• Basal cells: sit just below the squamous cells and are round.

• Melanocytes: found at the bottom of the epidermis and make melanin, which gives skin its color.

 

When something triggers these cells to grow in a strange way, like too much UV light from the sun or tanning beds, it can lead to cancer.

 

The Most Common Types of Skin Cancer

 

Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)

This is the most common form of skin cancer. It usually appears on parts of the body that get a lot of sun, like your face, neck, or arms. It might look like a shiny bump, a pink patch, or a sore that doesn’t heal. BCC grows slowly, but if ignored, it can damage deeper tissue and even bones.

 

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)

SCC often shows up as a rough or scaly patch, a red bump, or a sore that keeps coming back. Like BCC, it shows up in sun-exposed areas. SCC can grow deeper and spread if left untreated, but it’s highly treatable when caught early.

 

Melanoma

Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer. It can grow quickly and spread to other parts of the body. Melanoma may begin in a mole or appear as a new dark spot on the skin. It’s often found on the back, chest, legs, or face.

 

To remember what to look for, use the ABCDE rule:

• A for Asymmetry: One side doesn't match the other.

• B for Border: Edges are uneven or notched.

• C for Color: Multiple shades in one spot.

• D for Diameter: Bigger than a pencil eraser.

• E for Evolving: The spot is changing in shape, size, or color.

 

Rare Types and Risk Factors

 

There are also rare forms like Merkel cell carcinoma, which can spread quickly. Risk factors for skin cancer include:

• Fair skin

• A history of sunburns or tanning bed use

• Not using sunscreen

• Having lots of moles

• A weakened immune system

​

How Is Skin Cancer Found?

 

Doing regular skin checks at home is a great way to notice any changes early. If you spot something unusual—like a new mole, a sore that doesn’t heal, or any growth that changes—see a skin care professional right away.

 

A dermatologist can examine your skin and, if needed, take a small sample (called a biopsy) to test for cancer cells. If skin cancer is confirmed, treatment options will depend on the type, size, and location of the cancer.

 

Treatment Options

 

Treatments might include:

 

• Freezing (cryotherapy) for early, pre-cancerous spots

• Light therapy (PDT) for some surface-level growths

• Medications, creams, or surgery for more serious cases

 

The good news is that most skin cancers are highly treatable when found early. That’s why staying aware and taking action is so important.

 

Take the Next Step

 

If you’ve noticed a spot on your skin that looks different or won’t go away, don’t wait. The sooner skin cancer is found, the easier it is to treat. Visit one of our skilled providers at Paragon Skin in Toms River or Manahawkin, NJ. Let us help you protect your skin and your health—because early care can make all the difference.